From 1920-22 and 1923-27 respectively, the Council of Labor and Defense of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR and the Council of Labor and Defense of the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union were agencies responsible for the management of the economies and defense structures on the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic and the Soviet Union. It was created as a commission of the Council of People's Commissars (Sovnarkom) from the Council of Workers' and Peasants' Defense (existed from 1918-20), which was the supreme body for economic management during the Russian Civil War. Vladimir Lenin was the inaugaral Chairman of the Council.
On August 21, 1923 soon after the Soviet Union was created the USSR State Planning Committee (Gosplan), tasked with the creation of five-year plans, was established as a commission of the Council of Labor and Defense.